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The Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay Example For Students

The Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay The Montgomery transport blacklist changed the manner in which individuals lived and responded toeach other. The American social equality development started quite a while back, as earlyas the seventeenth century, with blacks and whites all fighting slaverytogether. The pinnacle of the social liberties development came during the 1950s startingwith the effective transport blacklist in Montgomery Alabama. The common rightsmovement was lead by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who lectured peacefulness andlove for your adversary. Love your adversaries, we don't intend to cherish them as a companion or personal. Wemean what the Greeks called agape-an unengaged love for all humankind. Thislove is our directing perfect and dearest network our definitive objective. As westruggle here in Montgomery, we are discerning that we have infinite companionshipand that the universe twists toward equity. We are moving from the dark nightof isolation to the brilliant sunrise of satisfaction, from the 12 PM of Egyptiancaptivity to the sparkling light of Canaan freedomexplained Dr. Ruler. We will compose a custom article on The Montgomery Bus Boycott explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In the Cradle of the Confederacy, life for the white and the coloredcitizens was totally isolated. Isolated schools, eateries, publicwater wellsprings, carnivals, and city transports were a piece of regular day to day existence inMontgomery, Alabama. Each individual working a transport line ought to give equalaccommodationsin such a way as to isolate the white individuals from Negroes.On Montgomerys transports, dark travelers were required by city law to sit in theback of the isolated transport. Negroes were required to pay their charge at thefront of the transport, at that point get off and reboard from the back of the transport. The frontrow seats were saved for white individuals, which left the rear of the transport or nomans land for the blacks. There was no sign announcing the seatingarrangements of the transports, however everybody knew them. The Montgomery transport blacklist began probably the best battle for civilrights throughout the entire existence of America. Here in the old capital of the Confederacy, propelled by one womens fearlessness; assembled and sorted out by scores of grass-establishes pioneers in houses of worship, network associations, and political clubs; calledto new dreams of their best prospects by a youthful dark evangelist namedMartin Luther King, Jr., a people was stiring to its fate. In 1953, the dark network of Baton Rouge, Louisiana successfullypetitioned their city chamber to end isolated seating on open transports. Thenew mandate permitted the city transports to be situated on a first-come, first-servedbasis, with the blacks despite everything starting their seating at the back of the transport. The transport drivers, who were all white, disregarded the new law and proceeded tosave situates before the transport for white travelers. With an end goal to demandthat the city follow the new statut e, the dark network arranged a one-dayboycott of Baton Rouges transports. Before the day's over, Louisianas attorneygeneral concluded that the new mandate was illicit and decided that the busdrivers didn't need to change the guest plans on the transports. A quarter of a year later a subsequent transport blacklist was begun by Reverend T.J. Jemison. The new blacklist endured around multi week, but then it constrained the cityofficials to settle. The trade off was to change the seating on the busesto first-come, first-served seating with two side seats in advance held forwhites, and one long seat in the back for the blacks. The transport blacklist in Baton Rouge was one of the principal times a network ofblacks had composed direct activity against isolation and won. The triumph inBaton Rouge was a little one in contrast with other common right fights andvictories. The difficult work of Reverend Jemison and different coordinators of theboycott, had broad ramifications on a development that was simply beginning totake root in America. In 1954 the milestone instance of Brown versus Leading group of Educationof Topeka descion by the Supreme Court eclipsed Baton Rouge, yet the ideasand exercises were not overlooked. They were before long utilized 400 miles away inMontgomery, Alabama, where the most significant blacklist of the common rightsmovement was going to start. Separate however equivalent began in 1896 with a case called Plessyv. Ferguson 163 U.S. 537 (1896). On June 2, 1896 Homer Adolph Plessy, who wasone-eighth Negro and had all the earmarks of being white, boarded and took an empty seat in acoach saved for white individuals on the East Louisiana railroad in New Orleansbound for Covington, Louisiana. The conductor requested Plessy to move to a coachreserved for minorities individuals, yet Plessy cannot. With the guide of a policeofficer , Plessy was persuasively shot out from the train, secured up in the NewOrleans prison, and was brought under the watchful eye of Judge Ferguson on the charge of violatingLouisianas state isolation laws. In asserting Plessys conviction, theSupreme Court of Louisiana maintained the state law. Plessy then took the case tothe Supreme Court of America on a writ of blunder ( a more seasoned type of offer thatwas canceled in 1929) saying that Louisianas isolation law was illegal as a refusal of the Thirteenth Am endment and equivalent protectionclause of the Fourteenth Amendment.The Plessy v. Ferguson case descionstated that different yet equivalent was fine as long as the lodging were equalin standard. Case after case the different however equivalent regulation was followed yet notreexamined. The equivalent piece of the convention had no genuine importance, on the grounds that theSupreme Court would not look past any lower court property to discover if thesegregated offices for Negroes were equivalent to those for whites. Numerous Negroaccommodations were supposed to be equivalent when in truth they were certainly second rate. The different yet equivalent precept is one of the remarkable legends of Americanhistory for it is quite often obvious that while in reality discrete, thesefacilities are a long way from equivalent. All through the isolated open institutions,Negroes have been precluded equivalent offer from securing charge upheld administration and facilitiesstated President Trumans Committee on Civil Rights in 1947. In Topeka, Kansas the Browns, a Negro family, lived just four blacksfrom the white Sumner Elementary School. Linda Carol Brown, a multi year oldgirl needed to go to an isolated school twenty-one squares from her home becauseKansass state isolation laws permitted urban communities to isolate Negro and whitestudents in open grade schools. Oliver Brown and twelve different guardians of Negro youngsters asked that theirchildren be admitted to the all-white Sumner School, which was a lot nearer tohome. The standard rejected them confirmation, and the guardians recorded a suit in afederal area court against the Topeka Board of Education. The suitcontended that the refusal to concede the youngsters to the school was a disavowal ofthe equivalent insurance clauseof the Fourteenth Amendment. The descion ofthe standard lead to the introduction of the most powerful and significant case ofthe Twentieth Century, Brown v. Leading group of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). The government locale court was thoughtful to the Negro reason and agreedthat isolation in state funded schools negatively affected Negro kids, butthe court felt binded by the descion in Plessy v. Ferguson, and denied todeclare isolation illegal. Mr. Earthy colored at that point took the case straightforwardly tothe Supreme Court of the United States. Different cases including school isolation were making there approach to theSupreme Court from three unique states-Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina-andthe District of Columbia. The entirety of the cases showed up around a similar time as theBrown case. The cases all raised a similar issue, and the state consolidatedthem under Brown v. Leading body of Education. The equivalent assurance provision of theFourteenth Amendment is a limitation that applies just to the states, so thecase from the District of Columbia was laid on the fair treatment proviso of theFifth Amendment which is material to the Federal government. The case wascalled Bolling v. Sharpe, 349 U.S. 294 (1955), and had a similar result as theBrown case. Before the Supreme Court the contentions against isolation werepresented by Thurgood Marshall, committee for the National Association for theAdvancement for Colored People (NAACP). The NAACP is an association which haddirected five cases through the courts and which had won numerous lawful cases forAmerican Negroes. The states depended on fundamentally Plessy v. Ferguson in arguingfor the continuation of isolation in government funded schools. The Supreme Court Opinion proclamation conveyed by Mr. Boss JusticeWarren expressed thatWe infer that in the field of government funded training the convention of isolated yet equivalent has no spot. Separate instructive offices areinherently inconsistent. In this way, we hold that the offended parties and others of thesimilarly arranged for whom the activities have been brought are, by reason of thesegregation griped, denied of the equivalent assurance of the laws guaranteedby the Fourteenth Amendment. This air makes superfluous any discussionwhether such isolation likewise damages the Due Process Clause of the FourteenthAmendment. The Brown case was important in making room towards full equalityfor the Negroes in America. Despite the fact that the Brown case didn't legitimately upset thePlessy case descion, it made it superbly evident that isolation in territories otherthan state funded instruction couldn't proceed. The Brown case empowered Negroes tofight calmly for their opportun ity through protests, showings, boycotts,and the activity of their democratic rights. With the Brown case descion and theend of school isolation came the beginning of the fall of racial oppression. On December 1, 1955, the activity of Mrs. Rosa Parks offered ascend to a formof fight that lead the social liberties development peaceful activity. Mrs. Parksworked at a Montgomery retail chain sticking up fixes, raising waistlines. At the point when the store shut, Mrs. Parks boarded a Cleveland Avenue transport, and took aseat behind the white segment in push eleven. The transport was half full when

Sample TOEFL Independent Essay Parents are the Best Teachers

Sample TOEFL Independent Essay Parents are the Best Teachers The QuestionDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(the question used here came from theOfficial Guide to the TOEFL)Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this web page. Its a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the test. Sign up today.The Sample Essay These days, homeschooling is becoming a more and more popular alternative to traditional learning methods and many parents believe that they can do a better job than professional educators. Personally, though, I do not feel that parents are the best teachers. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. First of all, parents are biased when it comes to their own children. To be specific, most parents think that their children are the smartest kids in the worl d. As a result, they often teach them at an inappropriately quick pace, and mistakenly assume that they will be able to keep up. Over the course of an entire school year this can have serious consequences. An old friend of mine is a compelling example of this. Rather than attending hislocal public school, my friend was taught at home by his mother. His mother had good intentions, but she failed completely at teaching him math. She made the assumption that her son was able to graspbasic concepts right away and moved on immediately to advanced lessons that were above what he would have been learning at the public school. When it came time for my friend to take the annual state-mandated competency tests, he was wholly unprepared and he shocked his mom by earning a failing grade. This example demonstrates that parents are not always the best teachers. Secondly, parents are not aware of modern teaching methods, and therefore use antiquated and ineffective methods to educate their childre n. Parents have children at increasingly advanced ages nowadays and when it comes time to teach them, they have been out of school for ten or twenty years. Professional teachers, in contrast, have time for professional development every year of their careers, and work in a collaborative environment where older teachers are kept up to date by their younger colleagues. This means that trained teachers excel at teaching youngsters of all backgrounds, while parents struggle to educate even their own children. While my friend’s mother eventually overcame her difficulty teaching math to her son, the next year she had a lot of trouble motivating him to keep up with his language lessons. She was proactive, though, and sought help from her local school board. The officials at the board put her in touch with a young teacher from a nearby elementary school. Heshowed her how to use the Internet to help her son find foreign-language resources more suited to his specific interests. Until she go t help from that young teacher, she had no idea that the Internet included a wealth of videos, music and games that she could utilize with her son. In conclusion, I strongly disagree with the idea that parents are the best teachers. This is because parents are biased when it comes to their kids, and because professional teachers benefit from modern techniques and training.

What Is the Difference Between Sucrose and Sucralose

Sucrose and sucralose are both sweeteners, but they arent the same. Heres a look at how sucrose and sucralose are different. Sucrose Versus Sucralose Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar, commonly known as table sugar. Sucralose, on the other hand, is an artificial sweetener, produced in a lab. Sucralose, like Splenda, is trichlorosucrose, so the chemical structures of the two sweeteners are related, but not identical. The molecular formula of sucralose is C12H19Cl3O8, while the formula for sucrose is C12H22O11. Superficially, the sucralose molecule looks like the sugar molecule. The difference is that three of the oxygen-hydrogen groups attached to the sucrose molecule are replaced by chlorine atoms to form sucralose. Unlike sucrose, sucralose is not metabolized by the body. Sucralose contributes zero calories to the diet, compared with sucrose, which contributes 16 calories per teaspoon (4.2 grams). Sucralose is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose. But unlike most artificial sweeteners, it doesnt have a bitter aftertaste. About Sucralose Sucralose was discovered by scientists at Tate Lyle in 1976 during the taste-testing of a chlorinated sugar compound. One report is that researcher Shashikant Phadnis thought his coworker Leslie Hough asked him to taste the compound (not a usual procedure), so he did and found the compound to be extraordinarily sweet compared with sugar. The compound was patented and tested, first approved for use as a non-nutritive sweetener in Canada in 1991. Sucralose is stable under a wide pH and temperature ranges, so it can be used for baking. It is known as E number (additive code) E955 and under trade names including Splenda, Nevella, Sukrana, Candys, SucraPlus, and Cukren. Health Effects Hundreds of studies have been performed on sucralose to determine its effects on human health. Because its not broken down in the body, it passes through the system unchanged. No link has been found between sucralose and cancer or developmental defects. Its considered safe for children, pregnant women, and nursing women. Its also safe for use by people with diabetes; however, it does raise blood sugar levels in certain individuals. Since its not broken down by the enzyme amylase in saliva, it cant be used as an energy source by mouth bacteria. In other words, sucralose does not contribute to the incidence of dental caries or cavities. However, there are some negative aspects to using sucralose. The molecule eventually breaks down if cooked long enough or at a high enough temperature, releasing potentially harmful  compounds called chlorophenols. Ingesting these alters the nature of our gut bacteria, potentially changing the way the body handles actual sugar and other carbohydrates, and possibly leading to cancer and male infertility. Also, sucralose may increase insulin and blood glucose levels and decrease insulin sensitivity, all effects that people with diabetes are trying to avoid. At the same time, since the molecule isnt digested, its released into the environment contributing to further pollution and public health problems. Learn More About Sucralose While sucralose is hundreds of times sweeter than sugar, its not even close to the sweetness of other sweeteners, which may be hundreds of thousands of times more potent than sugar. Carbohydrates are the most common sweeteners, but certain metals also taste sweet, including beryllium and lead. Highly toxic lead acetate or sugar of lead was used to sweeten drinks in Roman times and was added to lipsticks to improve their flavor.

Gender Diversity The Wide Range Of Gender Variation

Gender Identity Gender diversity increases awareness and understanding of the wide range of gender variation in children adolescents and adults. The video shows diversity on kid’s gender identity. This video explains how biological sex does not always match gender identity. The three different kids in the video showed gender identity issues since they were in their early childhood. Jazz was biologically a boy, but he identifies himself as a girl since he was fifteen months old. His parents allow and support his new gender identity as a girl and now she lives a full-time life as a girl. They moved to a different school, so she can feel more comfortable in an environment where people do not know her as a boy. Rawly (Richard) is a biologically ten-year-old boy that has a twin sister. He feels that he is a girl and his parents refer to his genitalia as a physical deformity and birth defect. Rawly was a product of in vitro fertilization and since an early age, he identifies as a girl and wanted all his sister pink stuff especially her clothing. He suffered all the time and at age 6 his mom let him be a girl. As a girl, she faced a lot of discrimination and bullying at school. Their parents plan is to give her a hormone replacement therapy to help her develop into puberty as a girl and to stop testosterone. The last story is from Rebeca a teenager girl who want to be a boy and she changed her name to Jeremy. She said that she felt all the time as a boy trapped in a woman’s body.Show MoreRelatedWhat Strategies Can Work For A Business Culture Where Family Diversity Is Respected And Valued933 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Strategies Can Organizations Use to Address Gender Inequality in the Workplace? Managers should be mindful of assuming that women have greater family-work inconsistencies than men, and that this can impact their views of women’s suitability for promotions. Companies should make an effort to create a business culture where family diversity is respected and valued. Companies that permit the family-work conflict bias to exist stand the chance of being looked upon by outsiders as discriminatoryRead MoreThe Australian Workplace Is A Evolving Environment1483 Words   |  6 Pagesboth contextual and individual concept is refereed to as diversity. Contrary to popular belief, diversity does not jus relate to gender, race cultural identity. Diversity is categorized into four main categories: organisational, internal, external and personality. From these categories, various experiences and perspectives arise, portraying the concept of diversity. Unless managed and understood properly, diversity can cause a wide range of obstacles in the Australian workplace, with the mainRead MoreEconomic Disparities Of The United States1176 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Are Some of the Economic Disparities in the United States That Occur Along Geographical, Gender, and Ethnic Dimensions The United States is a vast, diverse region that offers a wide range of economic opportunity. Since the United States is so big, there are a lot of differences between the economy in various regions, genders, and ethnic groups. Some of these variations in the economy are good creating a diverse economy with many different kinds of resources and goods. Some differences, howeverRead MoreA Concept Analysis of Diversity Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity has many definitions but only one true meaning. This concept Analysis is dedicated to exploring the broadened sense of diversity through active concepts with respect to term usage, and current literature research to support the understanding and relevance of the term itself. Search Terms: Diversity, Ethnic Variety, and Variation Introduction: Definition The dictionary definitions for the term â€Å"Diversity† are fairly similar in nature. The American Heritage Dictionary describesRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of Family Life1412 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 – Annotated Bibliography of Family Life Baker, M. (2001) Families, Labour and Love: Family diversity in a changing world. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin. †¢ Sociologists use the term ‘families’ in plural rather than ‘family’ to represent the variations in family life. †¢ Societal changes contributed to divorce rates, focusing more on personal happiness, higher martial satisfaction and women ability to survive economically outside marriage. †¢ Extended family households were more prevalentRead MoreDiversity And Its Effect On Society942 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in society helps us to grow as individuals and open our minds to different ways of life. When you are exposed to different ways of life and see how other cultures carry on then you are no longer closed to the idea that we are all different. Diversity also promotes tolerance. In terms of being tolerant that means diversity can help us accept other cultures, it can even adapt some cultural ways and values into our society. The point is, we are all different. Yet the differences that we haveRead MoreRelationship Between Leadership And Employee Job Satisfaction Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership, gender, diversity, education, and job satisfaction for the restaurant professionals is an issue. This study helps to understand the relationship between the leadership and employee job satisfaction in the Lubbock, TX area. A total of 100 restaurant profess ionals from the Lubbock Restaurant Association were surveyed using a Job Satisfaction Survey and a Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Education, gender, and transformational leadership accounted for 33% of the variation in job satisfactionRead More Anthropology and Gender Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesThough women have played an integral part in the history of the discipline of anthropology, it was not until the early 1970’s that the field of anthropology and gender, or feminist anthropology emerged. Sex and gender roles have always been a vital part of any ethnographic study, but the contributors of this theory began to address the androcentric nature of anthropology itself. The substantial gap in information concerning the study of women was perceived as a male bias, a prejudice made more apparentRead More Organizational Behavior and Terminology Paper837 Words   |  4 Pageswith outstanding one-to-one customer service at all times and to make their visit to the club as enjoyable as possible. Diversity is defined as the presence of a wide range of variation in qualities and attributes such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, able-bodiness, and sexual orientation (www.wikipedia.org). Since 24 Hour Fitness is an equal opportunity employer (EOE), diversity is present and welcome within the company. There are men and women employed who come from different walks of life and haveRead MoreThe Constant Monitoring And Promoting Effective Management Of The Windsors Residential Care Ltd1933 Words   |  8 Pagesdefinition of diversity, equality, and inclusion will be tackled as to present and introduce its importance in an organization. Secondly, the analyses of Windsors Residential Care on the probable diversity characteristics, the key impacts involving the organisation, and recognize the advantages of managing diversity in the workplace. Lastly, a table presentation that will provide recommended plans, interventions, strategies and presumed outcomes that aims to manage equality and diversity of the organisation

Apk entreprneurship Free Essays

Executive Summary Creative Maker Sad Bad established described in this business plan Is to start-up a charity business by determined and dedicated Individuals who are experience In this field. Through the Basic Entrepreneurship Culture course (EXEGESES) we are exposed to the basic entrepreneur knowledge for the purpose to implement the entrepreneur satellites and managing basic entrepreneur risks In order to carry out this business. Without doubt this idea came out as a dream now beginning to shape Into reality. We will write a custom essay sample on Apk entreprneurship or any similar topic only for you Order Now In supervising us throughout this project. In general, this business Is focusing on the field of manufacturing and by focusing on high quality customer service, diverse offerings, creative promotion strategy and continuous development of employees, our company Is projected to reach 850 customer In a month while maintaining a high gross margin on sales while strengthening cash management and working capital. A comprehensive analysis of the market indicates that souvenir industry is strong and robust generating a fair amount of annual revenues. The location of our business will include various places inside University Malay and it is highly desirable as it is based at a busy part of the university. Our chosen target markets which include the students, lecturer and staffs of University Malay and will account for a total of 850 potential customers in the first month. The promotion will A review of our competitors shows that we will be competing against Creative Center Sad Bad established near our location. This business focus on different pricing structure and marketing approaches. With our consistent, high quality services and moderate pricing, we have the edge in attracting customers by delivering a full range of beauty and pampering treatments in several convenient location. Our concrete marketing plan will distinguish us as souvenirs of choice for customers. PC entrepreneurship By mimicked Creative Maker Sad Bad established described in this business plan is to start-up a hearty business by determined and dedicated individuals who are experience in this activities and managing basic entrepreneur risks in order to carry out this business. Without doubt this idea came out as a dream now beginning to shape into reality. We would like to thank Dry. Norwich bin Mood Musical as our lecturer who had been so committed in supervising us throughout thi s project. In general, this business is employees, our company is projected to reach 850 customer in a month while How to cite Apk entreprneurship, Papers

Superfluids Essays - Condensed Matter Physics, Phases Of Matter

Superfluids "As we shall see, it is generally believed that the phenomenon of superfluidity is directly connected with the fact that the atoms of helium-4 obey Bose statistics, and that the lambda-transition is due to the onset of the peculiar phenomenon called Bose condensation." (Leggett, 1989) BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION This is the phenomenon wherein the bosons (a type of particle) making up a substance merge into the lowest energy level, into a shared quantum state. In general, it refers to the tendancy of bosons to occupy the same state. This state, formed when a gas undergoes Bose-Einstein condensation, is called a "Bose-Einstein condensate." The distinguishing feature of Bose-Einstein condensates is that the many parts that make up the ordered system not only behave as a whole, they become whole. Their identities merge or overlap in such a way that they lose their individuality entirely. A good analogy would be the many voices of a choir, merging to become 'one voice' at certain levels of harmony. HISTORY The phenomenon of superfluidity was discovered in 1937 by a Russian physicist, Peter Kapitza, and then studied independently in 1938 by John Frank Allen, a British physicist, and his coworkers. It wasn't until the 1970's however, that the useful properties of superfluids were discovered. Thanks to the work of David Lee, Douglas Osheroff and Robert Richardson at Cornell University, we have gained valuable information on the effects and uses of superfluids. These three scientists jointly received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1996 for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. It took a while, however, before they actually figured out what this phase in helium was. Superfluidity in helium-3 first manifested itself as small anomalies in the melting curve of solid helium-3 (small structures in the curve of pressure vs. time). Normally, small deviations, like this one, are usually considered to be peculiarities of the equipment, but the three physicists were convinced that there was a real effect. They weren't looking for superfluidity in particular, but rather an antiferromagnetic phase in solid helium-3. According to their predictions, this phase appeared to occur at a temperature below 2mK. In their first publication in 1972, they interpreted this effect as a phase transition. They did not completely agree with this hypothesis, but by further developing their technique they could, just a few months later, pinpoint the effect. They found there were actually two phase transitions in the liquid phase, one at 2.7mK and the second at 1.8mK. This discovery became the starting point of intense activity among low temperature physicists. The experimental and theoretical developments went hand-in-hand in an unusually fruitful way. The field was rapidly mapped out, but fundamental discoveries are still being made. SUPERFLUID HELIUM Superfluidity is a state of matter characterized by the complete absence of viscosity, or resistance to flow. This term is used primarily when involving liquid helium at very low temperatures. It was found that liquid helium (4He), when cooled below 2.17K (-271O C or -456 O F, could flow with no difficulty through extremely small holes, which liquid helium at a higher temperature cannot do. It was also noted that the walls of its container were somehow coated with a thin film of helium (approximately 100 atoms thick). This film flowed against gravity up and over the rim of the container This temperature of 2.17K is called the lambda ( ) point because the graph of the specific heat of liquid helium exhibits a lamda-shaped maximum at that temperature. Under normal pressure, helium will liquefy at a temperature of 4.2K. As the temperature is still lowered, helium behaves as a normal liquid until it reaches the lamda point. Before reaching the lamda point, it can be called helium I. Helium II refers to the liquid state of helium below the lamda point. Superfluidity is found in helium II but it has limited uses. When the temperature is dropped still lower, it was found that the stable isotope helium-3 is formed. This liquid exhibits superfluid characteristics, but only at temperatures lower than 0.0025 K. Nuclei of helium-3 contain two protons and one neutron, rather than the two protons and two neutrons found in the more common isotope, helium-4. Superfluid helium-4 forms at approximately 2.17 K. This superfluid moves without friction, squeezes through impossibly small holes, and it can even flow uphill. Superfluid helium-3 can do all these things, however not so spectacularly. The weird thing about helium-3 is that it can have different properties in different directions, similar to the well-defined grain in a piece of wood. The difference between helium-3 and helium-4 is